فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال هشتم شماره 3 (تابستان 1399)

People with diabetes are at higher risk of COVID-19 since the mortality rate of COVID-19 in diabetic patients is reported to be 9.2%, while this rate in healthy individuals is 1.4%. Therefore, self-care against COVID-19 should be an inevitable part of the daily lives of diabetic patients as it is the fastest and cheapest way to protect them from Covid-19. Self-care against COVID-19 in diabetic patients has two aspects, namely general self-care and specific self-care. People with diabetes should feel responsible for the health of themselves and their community, and this sense of responsibility is fulfilled through general and specific self-care. Therefore, diabetics should consider self-care as an important part of their daily activities to control and prevent complications and mortality due to COVID-19.

Diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease, which plays an important role in reducing health and quality of life. Accordingly, diabetic patients suffer from high anxiety levels and low self-care behaviors. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and psychological well-being education on anxiety and self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes.

This semi-experimental study was conducted using pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all patients with type II diabetes who were the members of Tehran Diabetes Association living in districts 1-3 in Tehran, Iran. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, 75 people were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into three groups of 25 people per group. The experimental groups (n=2) participated separately in 10 mindfulness and psychological well-being training sessions for 90 minutes (two sessions per week). On the other hand, the control group was placed on the waiting list for education. The data were collected using an anxiety inventory and revised diabetes self-care behaviors scale. Subsequently, they were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) through the chi-square test, multivariate analysis of covariance, and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that mindfulness and psychological well-being intervention significantly decreased anxiety and significantly increased self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to the control group (P0.05).

According to the results of the present study, mindfulness and psychological well-being education methods can be utilized to improve the health-related characteristics of the patients with type II diabetes, decrease anxiety, and increase self-care behaviors.

Patients with a history of gestational diabetes have a greater susceptibility to recurrence in subsequent pregnancies, as well as a higher risk of developing glucose intolerance and, of course, type 2 diabetes in the future. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance disorder in patients with gestational diabetes in the postpartum period in Iran.

The he following databases were searched for all the published articles: Irandoc, Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, Scopus, as well as Google search engine using the keywords of diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy, type II diabetes, pregnancy diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and epidemiology. The study data was entered the STATA statistical software and was analyzed. The forest plot was used to demonstrate the results of the meta-analysis.

A number of 6497 participants within the age range 18-45 years from 6 studies were assessed in the current study.  According to the results of the meta-analysis, the prevalence rate of postpartum diabetes in 6497 patients with a history of gestational diabetes (9.4%) and a confidence interval of 95% was obtained at 9.0 -10.0.

Postpartum Glucose Metabolism Disorders are common in women with gestational diabetes. Therefore, the cases of gestational diabetes should be initially screened, identified, and treated during pregnancy to prevent fetal complications. Thereafter, these mothers need to be followed up in the postpartum period to identify diabetes and glucose intolerance and prevent and treat these disorders.

Diabetes type II causes structural and functional changes in the liver resulting in high concentrations of aminotransferases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and Thyme honey on the liver enzymes of diabetic type II rats.

A total of 36 male Wistar rats were treated with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks and then injected with a 25 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes type II. These rats with fatty liver were then divided into four groups of control, HIIT, Thyme honey, and HIIT with Thyme honey. Eight weeks, with five sessions every week, of HIIT were designed for the training groups. A Thyme honey daily dosage of 3 g/kg was given to the nutritional interventional groups using oral gavage. Finally, the rats were subjected to anesthesia at the end of the 8th weeks, and the blood samples were taken from the heart. After the measurement of the levels of serum liver enzymes, the obtained findings were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The obtained results of the current study showed that aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the HIIT with Thyme honey group significantly decreased, compared to those reported for the control, HIIT, and Thyme honey groups. In addition, alkaline phosphatase in the HIIT with Thyme honey group significantly reduced, compared to that of the control group; however, this decrease in comparison to those reported for the HIIT and Thyme honey groups was not significant (P˂0.05).

It seems that HIIT and consumption of Thyme honey, both alone and interactively with greater effectiveness, can help reduce the liver enzymes in diabetic rats.

Diabetes is one of the chronic multifactorial metabolic diseases that in addition to affecting the clinical condition of the individual, imposes a considerable cost on different countries around the world, including Iran. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy on depression and fasting blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes.

The present applied clinical trial was conducted based on a pre-test post-test design with a control group. It should also be mentioned that the subjects of this study were followed up for three months. The participants were selected from the patients referring to Mashhad Diabetes Research Center, Mashhad, Iran. For the purposes of the study, the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=40) and one control group (n=20). The collected data were analyzed and examined in SPSS software (version 21) using statistical tests.

Based on the findings, there was a significant difference between the mean value of intervention and control groups (P<0.05). In other words, dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy significantly reduced depression and fasting blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes.

According to the results, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy can be used as effective psychological interventions to reduce depression in patients. However, it should be noted that further investigation is required in this regard.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, affecting more than 100 million people worldwide annually. It has been estimated that the rate of diabetes incidence will increase from 463 million in 2019 to 578 million by 2030. The development of acute and chronic complications can be prevented by controlling risk factors in these patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the concomitant effect of French maritime pine bark extract (under the brand name of chr('39')Oligopinchr('39')) on the control of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in females with type II diabetes.

This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed on 30 females with type II diabetes using a placebo for comparative purposes. The participants were divided into two groups (n=15 each), and received concomitant supplement or placebo, in addition to medical treatment, under the supervision of their physician for 6 weeks. Laboratory sampling was performed at the baseline and after the intervention. The normality of data distribution was determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The collected data were analyzed using a paired t-test (P <0.05).

. The results of this study showed a significant decrease in LDL in the Oligopin supplement group (P =0.011), compared with the placebo group. Moreover, the level of HDL was not significantly different in the supplement group (P=0.651).

Based on the results, the daily concomitant consumption of 100 mg of Oligopin supplement for 6 weeks as adjunctive therapy was effective on LDL; however, no significant effect was observed on HDL in this regard.